A:
AdhanAdhan is an Islamic way of calling Muslims to the five obligatory Prayers. The Adhan is announced daily from the Mosques. [See Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 583, Vol. 1.]
A.H.(After Hijrah)Hijrah means emigration. The Islamic calendar starts from the year Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) emigrated from the city of Makkah to Madinah, in 622 C.E.
Ahl al-BaitAhl al-Bait literally means 'the people of the house', a polite form of addressing the members of
the family, including husband and wife. The words occur in the Holy Quran when angels came to give glad tidings to Prophet Abraham (S.A.W.) of a son at an old age. See Surah Houd (11:73).
Ahl al-Dimmah (or Dhimmis)Are the non-Muslim subjects of an Islamic state who have been guaranteed protection of their
rights- life, property and practice of their religion, etc.
Ahl al-HadithRefers to the group of scholars in Islam who pay relatively greater importance to 'traditions'
than to other sources of Islamic doctrine such as qiyas, and tend to interpret the traditions more
literally and rigorously. The term has also come to be used lately for a group of Muslims in the
Indo-Pakistan subcontinent who are close to the Hanbali school in theology, and claim to follow no single school on legal matters.
Ahl al-KitabLiterally 'People of the Book,' refers to the followers of Divine Revelation before the advent of
the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
AhmadAhmad is another name of Muhammad (S.A.W.). See Holy Quran, As-Saff (61:6). See Muhammad for more details.
'AqeedaLiterally means belief. In Islamic terms, it means the following six articles of faith:
1. Belief in Allah, the One God.
2. Belief in Allah's angels.
3. Belief in His revealed Books.
4. Belief in His messengers.
5. Belief in the Day of Judgement.
6. Belief in Fate and the Divine Decree.
Al-A`rabAl-A`rab signifies the bedouin - whether of the desert or the countryside - in the vicinity of
Madina. For a long time they had followed a policy of opportunism with regard to the conflict
between Islam and unbelief. However, as Islam established its sway over the greater part of Hijaz and Najd and the power of the tribes hostile to Islam began to weaken, they saw their interests lay in entering the fold of Islam. For details see Surah 9.
ArafatArafat is a pilgrimage site, about 25 kilometers east of Makkah al-Mukaramah. Standing on 'Arafat on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah and staying there from mid-day to sunset is the essence of the Hajj (the Pilgrimage).
Ashab al-A`rafAshab al-A`raf (Heights) will be the people who are neithe righteous enough to enter Paradise nor wicked enough to be cast into Hell. They will, therefore, dwell at a place situated between the two.
Ashab al-SuffahAshab al-Suffah consisted of about three or four hundred Companions who spent most of their time in the company of the Prophet (S.A.W.). They acquired knowledge and had dedicated themselves wholly to serving Islam.
Al-Asma al-HusnaAl-Asma al-Husna, literally meaning the 'most excellent names' used of God, express His greatness and paramountcy, holiness, purity, and the perfection and absoluteness of all His attributes.
'Asr'Asr is the late afternoon Prayer, the third compulsory Prayer of the day. It can be prayed
between midafternoon and a little before sunset. It is also the name of Surah 103 of the Holy
Quran.
Assalamu 'AlaikumAssalamu 'Alaikum means 'Peace be on you.' Greeting of the Muslims. The response to this greeting is 'Wa 'Alaikum Assalam,' and on you be the Peace.
AtharSayings of the Sahabah, the companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.).
Ayah (pl. ayat)Ayah means a sign (or 'token') which directs one to something important. In the Quran the word has been used in four different senses: (1) sign or indication; (2) the phenomena of the universe
(called ayat of God for the reality to which the phenomena point is hidden behind the veil of
appearances); (3) miracles performed by the Prophets; and (4) individual units (i.e. verses) of
the Book of God.
B:Bab Al-RaiyanThe name of one of the gates of Heavens (Jannah) through which the people who often observe
fasting will enter on the Day of Judgement.
BadrSite of the first great battle between Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and the pagans of the Quraish in
2 A.H. Badr is located about 150 kilometers south of Madinah (Saudi Arabia). The Muslim army
consisted of 313 men and the Quraish had a total of about 1,000 soldiers, archers and horsemen.
See Holy Quran, Al-Anfal (8:5-19, 42-48), Ale Imran (3:13).
BahimahBahimah (plural baha'im) signifies every quadruped animal (of which the beasts of prey are
excluded). Bahimah thus refers to goats, sheep, and cows.
Baitul Mal
An Islamic treasury intended for the benefit of the Muslims and the Islamic state and not for the
leaders or the wealthy.
Baitul Maqdis
Al-Aqsa Mosque, the famous Masjid in Al-Quds (Jerusalem). It was the first Qiblah of Islam. Then
Allah Ta'ala ordered Muslims to face the first House of Allah, the Ka'aba, at Makkah (Saudi
Arabia). Baitul Maqdis is the third greatest Masjid in the Islamic world, the first being the
Masjid Al-Haram in Makkah, and the second being the Masjid al-Rasool (the Mosque of the Prophet
(S.A.W.)). It is from the surroundings of Baitul Maqdis that Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) ascended to
heaven. See Holy Quran, Al-Isra (17:1).
Bakka
Another name for Makkah. See Holy Quran, Ale Imran (3:96).
Al-Baqi'
A cemetry in Madinah. Many of the Sahabiyeen (companions) and family members of the Prophet
(S.A.W.) are buried here.
Barzakh
Literally means partition or barrier. In Islamic terminology it usually means the life in the
grave, because the life in the grave is the interspace between the life on earth and the life in
the Hereafter. Life in the Barzakh is real, but very different from life as we know it. Its exact
nature is known only to allah Ta'ala. It is during our life in the Barzakh that we will be asked
about Allah, our faith and the Holy Prophet(S.A.W.). We will also be shown the Jannah (the
Heavens) and the Nar (the Hell) and which of these two places we will occupy after we are judged.
Bid'a
Any innovated practice introduced in the religion of Allah. the Prophet (S.A.W.) said that every
Bid'a is a deviation from the true path and every deviation leads to Hellfire.
Bismillah Hir Rehman Nir Rahim
"In the name of Allah, the Most Kind, the Most Mericful." This utterance is usually made by every
Muslim who is about to embark on something lawful (Halal), regardless of the magnitude of the
task. This is also the first verse of Surah Al-Fatehah (Chapter 1) of the Holy Quran.
Buhtan
A false accusation, calumny, slander.
C: D:
Dajjal
Anti-Christ. Also known as Maseeh ad-Dajjal. See Ahadeeth regarding "the Final Hour" in both Sahih
books. Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 649, 650, Vol. IV. Sahih Muslim, Kitab al-Fitan wa Isharat as-Say'ah.
Dawah
Propagation of Islam through word and action, calling the people to follow the commandments of
Allah and His Messenger Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
Dhihar
Dhihar is a type of divorce which was common in pre-Islamic Arabia, but was made unlawful by
Islam. It was a way when the husband wanted to divorce his wife he would selfishly say to her,
"You are like my mother." This way she would have not conjugal rights, but at the same time she
would still be bound to him like a slave. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Ahzab (33:4), Mujadilah (58:1-5).
Dhimmi
(See Ahl al-Dhimmah).
Dhu'l-Hijjah
The 12th month of the Islamic calendar. The month in which the great pilgrimage to Makkah takes
place.
Dhu'l Qa'da
The 11th month of the Islamic calendar.
Din
The core meaning of Din is obedience. As a Quranic technical term, din refers to the way of life
and the system of conduct based on recognizing God as one's sovereign and committing oneself to
obey Him. According to Islam, true din consists of living in total submission to God, and the way
to do so is to accept as binding the guidance communicated through the Prophets. See the following
verses of the Qur'an for reference: 3:83, 12:76, 16:52, and 51:6.
Diyah
Blood money, paid by the guilty as a compensation for killing, wounding, etc. (pl. Diyaat).
Du'a
Supplication: invoking Allah for whatever one desires.
Duhr
Noon. The second obligatory prayer (Salah) of the day. It can be prayed at any time between noon
and mid-afternoon.
E:
Eid Al-Adha
A four-day festival that completes the rites of pilgrimage and takes place on the 10th-13th of
Dhul Hijjah (the 10th is the day of Nahr and 11th-13th are the days of Tashriq.) Literally means
"the feast of the sacrifice." This feast commemorates Prophet Ibrahim's obedience to Allah by
being prepared to sacrifice his only son Ismel, peace be on both of them. See Holy Quran,
as-Saffaat (37:100-103).
Eid Al-Fitr
Three day festival marking the end of Ramadan. It takes place on the 1st of Shawal, the 10th month
of the Islamic calendar.
F:
Fadal (Riba)
A type of interest. Taking something of superior quality in exchange for giving less of the same
kind of thing of poorer quality. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqarah (2:275-280), Ale-Imran (3:130).
Fai
War booty gained without fighting.
Fajr
"The Dawn". The time of the first obligatory prayer (Salah). It can be prayed at any time between
the first light of dawn and just before sunrise. Also called Subh (morning). See Surah 89 of the
Holy Qur'an.
Faqeeh
An Islamic scholar who can give a legal opinion or judgement.
Fard 'Ain
An action which is obligatory on every Muslim.
Fard bi al-Kifayah
It signifies a collective duty of the Muslim community so that if some people carry it out no
Muslim is considered blameworthy; but if no one carries it out all incur a collective guilt.
Fasad
Fasad, literally 'corruption', in Qur'anic terminology, means creating disorder and corruption on
earth by following a path other than God's. Islam maintains that true peace and happiness emanate
only through the observance of God's commands and through making a conscious effort to see that
His laws alone are implemented in every sphere of life. Fasad occurs when man violates God's laws
and disobeys Him. Fasad may therefore be partial as well as total; partial when one disregards
God's law in one aspect of life while acknowledging His sovereignty in other spheres. If a society
is based on the denial of God, that society is bound to be a corrupt and exploitative society -
hence full of fasad.
Fasiq
Transgressor, evil doer, disobedient. The one who commits fisq.
Fatwa
A legal verdict given on a religious basis. The sources on which a fatwa is based are the Holy
Qur'an, and the Sunnah of the Prophet.
Fawahish
Fawahish applies to all those acts whose abominable character is self-evident. In the Qur'an all
extra-marital sexual relationships, sodomy, nudity, false accusation of unchastity, and taking as
one's wife a woman who had been married to one's father, are specifically reckoned as shameful
deeds. In Hadith, theft, taking intoxicating drinks and begging have been characterized as
fawahish as have many other brazenly evil and indecent acts.
Fidya
Compensation for missing or wrongly practicing necessary acts of worship. Fidya usually takes the
form of donating money, foodstuffs, or sacrificing an animal. Contrast with Kaffara (making
amends).
Fiqh
Islamic jurisprudence.
Fi sabil Allah
Fi sabil Allah (in the way of Allah) is a frequently used expression in the Qur'an which
emphasizes that good acts should be done exclusively to please God. Generally the expression has
been used in the Qur'an in connection with striving or spending for charitable purposes.
Fisq
Fisq is transgression. It consists of disobedience to the command of God.
Fitnah
Fitnah has been used in the Quran in two meanings. It refers, firstly, to persecution, to a
situation in which the believers are harassed and intimidated because of their religious
convictions. Secondly, it refers to the state of affairs wherein the object of obedience is other
than the One True God.
Fitrah
The Muslim belief that every child is born with the Belief of The One true GOD.
Furqan
Furqan signifies that which enables one to distinguish between true and false; between real and
fake.
G:
Ghair Muakkada
(Salah) Unascertained prayers. These types of optional Salah (prayers) were much, but not always,
practiced by the Prophet (S.A.W.).
Gharar
Selling something which has not yet been obtained. For example, selling eggs which have not yet
been hatched.
Ghayy
Deception. Name of a pit in Hellfire.
Ghazawat
Plural of Ghazwa. Also called al-Maghazi. See Ghazwa.
Ghazi
A person who has taken part in a Ghazwa.
Ghazwa
A battle for the cause of Allah in which Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) himself took part.
Gheebah
Talking evil about someone in his or her absence. Backbiting. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Hujurat (49:12).
Ghulool
Stealing from the war booty before its distribution.
Ghusl
The full ritual washing of the body with water alone to be pure for the prayer. To do Ghusl:
1. Wash your private parts,
2. do Wudu (ablution),
3. Wash your entire body without touching/stimulating your private parts again.
Gog and Magog
Two evil empires. They are mentioned in the Qur'an and Ahadeeth (Bukhari and Muslim) when
mentioning some of the scenes just before the final hour. See Quran, Al-Anbiyaa (21:96), Sahih
Muslim, Kitab al-Fitan wa Isharat as-Say'ah.
H:
Hadi
A cow, sheep or a goat that is offered as a sacrifice by a pilgrim during the Hajj.
Hadith
The word hadith literally means communication or narration. In the Islamic context it has come to
denote the record of what the Prophet (S.A.W.) said, did, or tacitly approved. According to some
scholars, the word hadith also covers reports about the sayings and deeds, etc. of the Companions
of the Prophet in addition to the Prophet himself. The whole body of Traditions is termed Hadith
and its science 'Ilm al-Hadith.
Hadith Qudsi
A saying of Allah Ta'ala narrated by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.), that is not part of the Qur'an.
Hajar Al-Aswad
The 'Black Stone', a stone which some say fell from heaven, set into one corner of the Ka'bah in
Makkah by Prophet Ibrahim(S.A.W.), which the pilgrims, in imitation of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)
kiss, so unifying all the Muslims throughout the ages in one place.
Hajj
(Major Pilgrimage) Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, a duty one must perform during one's
life-time if one has the financial resources for it. It must be performed during certain specified
dates of Dhu al-Hijjah. In addition to tawaf and sa'y, there are a few other requirements but
especially one's standing (i.e. stay) in 'Arafat during the day-time on 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
Halal
Lawful as defined by Allah, the Almighty.
Hanif
Hanif, literally 'one who is inclined', is used in the Qur'an in ten places, six with reference to
the Prophet Abraham and the rest for one who is sincere and sound in his faith. The term as such
connotes sincerity, uprightness and singlemindedness in one's inclination, dedication and
commitment to God or to His faith.
Haram
1. Any act or deed which is prohibited by Allah and will incur His wrath and punishment.
2. Sanctuary or boundary of any Masjid (mosque), but usually used with regard to the sanctuaries
of the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah and Masjid al-Rasool in Madinah. This is why they are referred to
as 'Al-Haramain al-Sharifain,' the two Holy Sanctuaries.
Hashr(Al)
1. Another name for the Day of Judgement, Yaum al-Hashr, "Day of the Gathering."
2. "The Exile". Surah 59 of the Holy Qur'an.
Hawd
The watering-place of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), whose pure drink will refresh those who have
crossed the Siraat before entering the Garden on the Last Day.
Hawiyah
The sixth level of Nar (Hellfire). This will be the home of the Christians.
Hijab
Any kind of veil-it could be a curtain, a facial veil, etc. The facial Hijab is divided into two
types:
1. Niqab: full facial covering.
2. Khimar: partial facial covering, i.e., it covers the face, but leaves the eyes exposed.
It is said that the universe is what veils the Creator from the creation. If you find the veil
awe-inspiring, how much more awe-inspiring is the One behind the veil!
Hijaz
The region along the western seaboard of Arabia, in which Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, and Ta'if are
situated.
Hijrah
Hijrah signifies migration from a land where a Muslim is unable to live according to the precepts
of his faith to a land where it is possible to do so. The hijrah par excellence for Muslims is the
hijrah of the Prophet (S.A.W.) which not only provided him and his followers refuge from
persecution, but also an opportunity to build a society and state according to the ideals of
Islam.
Hijri
Name of the Islamic lunar calendar. It took its name from the early Muslims who migrated from
Makkah to Madinah, and commences from the date of Prophet Muhammad's Hijrah, (S.A.W.), which he
made with Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), in 622 C.E. The months of the
Islamic calendar are:
1. Muharram
2. Safar
3. Rabi al-Awal
4. Rabi al-Thani
5. Jumada al-Awal
6. Jumada al-Thani
7. Rajab
8. Sha'ban
9. Ramadan
10. Shawal
11. Dhul Qi'da
12. Dhul Hijjah
Hubal
Hubal, the chief of the minor deities, was an image of a man, and was aid to have been originally
brought to Arabia from Syria. It was one of the so many false gods of Arabs housed in the Kabah.
Hukm
Hukm, literally judgement, decision, (6:57) sometimes gives the meaning of wisdom, discretion,
knowledge and the power to see things in their true perspective (26:83).
I:
'Ibadah
'Ibadah is used in three meanings:
(1) worship and adoration;
(2) obedience and submission; and
(3) service and subjection.
The fundamental message of Islam is that man, as God's creature, should direct his 'ibadah to Him
in all the above-mentioned meanings, and associate none in the rendering of it.
Iblis
Iblis literally means 'thoroughly disappointed; one in utter despair.' In Islamic terminology it
denotes the jinn, who refused the command of Allah to prostrate before Adam out of vanity. He also
asked God to allow him a term when he might mislead and tempt mankind to error. This term was
granted to him by God whereafter he became the chief promoter of evil and prompted Adam and Eve to
disobey God's order. He is also called al-Shaytan (Satan). He is possessed of a specific
personality and is not just an abstract force.
'Iddah
'Iddah denotes the waiting period that a woman is required to observe as a consequence of the
nullification of her marriage with her husband or because of the husband's death. For details see
the Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2:228-235), At-Talaq (65:4-7.
Iftar
Breaking of the fast immediately after sunset. Iftar takes place at Maghrib as soon as the Call to
Prayer (Adhan) is called.
Ihram
Ihram denotes the state of consecration which is essentially required for performing Hajj and
'Umrah. The outward garb which consists in the case of men of just two sheets of cloth instead of
tailored clothes is one of the conditions of Ihram but not identical with it. Apart from donning
that garb, one is required to pronounce Talbiyah (Labbayk Allahumma Labbayk...)
In the state of Ihram the pilgrim is required to observe many prohibitions; e.g. he may not hunt,
shave or trim his hair, shed blood, use perfume, or indulge in sexual gratification.
Ihsan
Ihsan literally denotes doing something in a goodly manner. When used in the Islamic religious
context, it signifies excellence of behavior arising out of a strong love for God and a profound
sense of close relationship with Him.
According to a Tradition the Prophet (S.A.W.) defined Ihsan as worshipping God as though one sees
Him.
Ijma
Ijma refers to the consensus of eminent scholars (mujtahidun) of Islam in a given age. Ijma comes
next to the Quran and the Sunnah as a source of Islamic doctrines.
Ijtihad
To exercise personal judgement based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Ila'
Ila' denotes a husband's vow to abstain from sexual relations with his wife. The maximum
permissible limit for abstaining from sexual relations in wedlock under such a vow is four months,
after which ila' would automatically mean repudiation of the marriage.
Imam
1. Imam signifies the leader, and in its highest form, refers to the head of the Islamic state.
2. It is also used with reference to the founders of the different systems of theology and law in
Islam.
3. A person who leads the prayer.
Iman
Trust, faith and acceptance. Having faith and belief in Allah according to the Qur'an.
Imsak
Start of the fasting time. Imsak begins when the first light of dawn becomes visible, and ends at
Fajr when the Adhan is called.
Injil
Injil signifies the inspired orations and utterances of Jesus (PBUH) which he delivered during the
last two or three years of his earthly life in his capacity as a Prophet. The Injil mentioned by
the Quran should, however, not be identified by the four Gospels of the New Testament which
contain a great deal of material in addition to the inspired statements of the Prophet Jesus.
Presumably the statements explicitly attributed to Jesus (S.A.W.) constitute parts of the true,
original Injil. It is significant, however, that the statements explicitly attributed to Jesus in
the Gospels contain substantively the same teachings as those of the Quran.
Insha Allah
"If Allah wills."
Iqamah
The call to prayer that announces to the congregation that the obligatory prayer is just to begin.
Isha'
Isha' (Night) Prayer signifies the prescribed Prayer which is performed after the night has well
set in.
Islam
Literally means "submission to the will of Allah." The most important and pivotal concept in Islam
is the oneness of God.
See 'Allah' for more on the conept of God.
Islam teaches that all faiths have, in essence, one common message: the existence of a Supreme
Being, the one and only God, whose sovereignty is to be acknowledged in worship and in the pledge
to obey His teaching and commandments, conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent
at various times and in many places throughout history.
Islam demands a commitment to submit and surrender to God so that one could live in peace; peace
(salam) is achieved through active obedience to the revealed Commandments of God, for God is the
Source of all Peace.
Commitment to Islam entails striving for peace through a struggle for justice, equality of
opportunity, mutual caring and consideration for others' rights, and continuous research and
acquisition of knowledge for the better protection and utilization of the resources of the
universe.
The basic beliefs of Islam are:
1.The Uniqueness of the one and only God who is Sovereign of the universes;
2.The Revelation of the teaching and commandments of God through Angels in heaven to Prophets on
earth, and written in sacred writings which all have the same transcendent source; these contain
the will of God which marks the way of peace for the whole universe and all mankind;
3.The Day of judgement which inaugurates the Afterlife in which God rewards and punishes with
respect to human obedience to His will.
Islam teaches that human diversity is a sign of the richness of God's mercy, and that God wills
human beings to compete with each other in goodness in order to test who is the finest in action;
this is, according to Islam, the reason for the creation of the universe.
A person who enters the fold of Islam is called a Muslim.
Isra
1. "The Night Journey", refers to the journey of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) from Makkah to Masjid
Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem.
2. Another name for Surah Bani Israel (Surah 17) of the Holy Qur'an.
Istikhara
Asking Allah the Almighty to guide one to the right decision and action regarding a particular
problem. The Istikhara Prayer consists of two Rakahs. A special invocation is said. See Sahih
Bukhari, Hadith 263, Vol. 2.
Istisqa
Invoking Allah Ta'ala for rain in the time of a drought. The Istisqa Prayer consists of two
rakahs. See Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 119, Vol. 2.
I'tikaf
I'tikaf refers to the religious practice of spending the last ten days of Ramadan (either wholly
or partly) in a mosque so as to devote oneself exclusively to worship. In this state one may go
out of the mosque only for the absolutely necessary requirements of life, but one must stay away
from gratifying one's sexual desire. The minimum period for i'tikaf is twenty-four hours. I'tikaf
is not valid if one is not keeping the fast or if it is done outside the month of Ramadan.
Ithm
Ithm denotes negligence, dereliction of duty and sin.
J:
Jahanam
Most commonly understood to mean Hell. In fact, it is one of the levels of Hell. There are seven
levels of Hellfire:
1. Jaheem - the shallowest level of Hell. It is reserved for those who believed in Allah and His
Messenger (S.A.W.), but who ignored His commands.
2. Jahanam - a deeper level where the idol-worshippers are to be sent on the Day of Judgement.
3. Sa'ir - is reserved for the worshippers of fire.
4. Saqar - this is where those who did not believe in Allah will be sent on the Day of Judgement.
5. Ladha - will be the home of the Jews.
6. Hawiyah - will be the abode of the Christians.
7. Hutama - the deepest level of Hellfire. This is where the religious hypocrites will spend
eternity. The worst of Allah's creation are the Munafiqeen (Hypocrites), wether they be mankind or
Jinn, for they outwardly appear to accept, but inwardly reject Allah and His Messenger (S.A.W.).
Jaheem
See Jahanam.
Jahiliyah
Jahiliyah, literally 'ignorance', is a concise expression for the pagan practice of the days
before the advent of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Jahiliyah denotes all those world-views and
ways of life which are based on rejection or disregard of heavenly guidance communicated to
mankind through the Prophets and Messengers of God; the attitude of treating human life - either
wholly or partly - as independent of the directives of God.
Ayyam al-Jahiliyah, or 'The Days of Ignorance' in the books of history, indicate the period before
the Prophethood of Muhammad when the people in Arabia forgot the teachings of their Prophets and
indulged in stupid practices.
Jamra
White hot coal. The term used to describe the three pillars built of stone at Mina.
Plural:Jimar.
Jamarat Al-Aqaba
One of the three stone pillars at Mina. One of the rites of Hajj is to throw pebbles at these
stone pillars, which represent Satan.
Jannah
Paradise. A created abode in the Hereafter for those who believe in the Unity of Allah and in all
His Prophets and Messengers, and who follow the way of life of the Prophets. Jannah has eight
gates around it and each of these eight gates has eleven doors.
The names of the eight gates are:
1. Bab al-Iman.
2. Bab al-Jihad.
3. Bab al-Kadhemean al-Gaidh.
4. Bab ar-Raiyan.
5. Bab ar-Radiyeen.
6. Bab as-Sadaqa.
7. Bab at-Taubah.
8. Bab as-Salat.
Janaba
The state of a person after sexual discharge, whether intentional or otherwise. A person may not
perform Salah (Prayer) or recite or touch the Qur'an until he performs Ghusl or Tayammum.
Jewj wa Majewj
See Gog and Magog.
Jibt
Jibt signifies a thing devoid of any true basis and dereft of usefulness. In Islamic terminology
the various forms of sorcery, divination and soothsaying, in short all superstitions, are called
jibt.
Jihad
Jihad literally means 'to strive' or 'to exert to the utmost.' In islamic parlance it signifies
all forms of striving, including armed struggle, aimed at making the Word of God prevail.
Jinn
Jinn are an independent species of creation about which little is known except that unlike man,
who was created out of earth, the jinn were created out of fire. But like man, a Divine Message
has also been addressed to them and they too have been endowed with the capacity, again like man,
to choose between good and evil, between obedience or disobedience to God. See Surah 72 of the
Holy Qur'an.
Jizyah
Unbelievers are required to pay jizyah (poll tax) in lieu of security provided to them as the
Dhimmis (Protected People) of an Islamic state, and their exemption from military service and
payment of Zakah. Jizyah symbolizes the submission of the unbelievers to the suzerainty of Islam.
Jum'ah
"Friday." The Muslims' day of gathering together, when all Muslim males must go to the Masjid to
hear the Friday Khutba (sermon) and to do the Jum'ah Salat (prayer), which is prayed instead of
Dhur. Surah 62 of the Holy Qur'an.
Jumada al-Akhira
The sixth month of the Islamic calendar.
Junub
Junub - a person having Janaba - means to be in a state of ceremonial impurity or defilement. A
male becomes junub on having sexual intercourse or simply on the emission of semen in sleep or
otherwise. A female also becomes junub as a result of sexual intercourse as well as when she is
menstruating or having postnatal bleeding. These are the general causes of janaba, which is also
referred to in the books of jurisprudence as hadath akbar. A full bath is required for a junub to
receive purification or tahara, without which a man or woman is not advised to touch or read the
Qur'an, should not enter the mosque or offer the prayers. In the absence of water, however, one is
allowed to resort to tayammum. Tayammum substitutes for both a full bath (ghusl) and ablution
(wudu).
K:
Ka'aba
The cube-shaped stone building whose foundations were built by the angels and completed by Prophet
Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son, Prophet Ismael, peace be on them, in Makkah.
It was rebuilt with the with the help of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). It is the focal point towards
which all Muslims face when praying.
Kabair(al)
Major sins; such as Shirk (see Shirk), Qatl (murder), Zinah (fornication and adultery), the taking
of Riba (usury), Sirq (theft), etc.
Kaffarah
Kaffarah means atonement, expiation.
Kafir
Kafir signifies one who denies or rejects the truth, i.e. who disbelieves in the message of the
Prophets. Since the advent of Muhammad (S.A.W.), anyone who rejects his Message is a kafir.
Kafura
Literally means camphor. It is a special heavenly perfume that will be mixed with
non-intoxicating, pure wine and be given to the righteous in the Hereafter. See the Holy Qur'an,
Al-Insan (76:5).
Kalalah
Kalalah, according to some scholars, refers to those who die leaving neither issue nor father nor
grandfather. According to others it refers to those who die without issue (regardless of whether
they are succeeded by father or grandfather).
Kawthar(al)
1. "The fountain of Kawthar." A sacred fountain in Jannah (Paradise). It is the source of all the
four rivers of Jannah, and feeds the Hawd of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Surah 108 of the Holy
Qur'an.
2. The Hawd which is filled by Al-Kawthar is at the end of the Siratul Mustaqeem. It is a gift
from Allah to the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.).
It is to quench the thirst of true believers.
Khalifah
Khalifah or vicegerent is one who exercises the authority delegated to him by his principal, and
does so in the capacity of his deputy and agent. This term has been used in the Quran with
reference to man: 'Just think when your Lord said to the angels: Lo! I am about to place a
vicegerent on earth...' (2:30).
At certain places in the Qur'an, khulafa (pl.) also means
(a) people with power to mobilize all that is on earth (27:62);
(b) successors or inheritors who will inherit the earth and succeed one after another (24:55;
38:26).
In the political history of Islam, khalifa became the title of the successors of the Prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.), notably the first four Rightly-Guided Caliphs known as al-Khulafa al-Rashidun
(11-35 A.H., 632-655 C.E.). With the establishment of the Umayyad hereditary rule immediately
after this, the institution of the Caliphate changed into monarchy. Yet the rulers called
themselves Caliphs. Formally the institution of the Caliphate came to an end in 1924 C.E. when
Kamal Ataturk of Turkey arbitrarily declared its abolition.
Khamr
Khamr literally means 'wine', and has been prohibited by Islam. This prohibition covers everything
that acts as an agent of intoxication. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqarah (2:219), Al-Ma'idah (5:93).
Kharaj
Tax imposed on the revenue from land taken from non-Muslims to ensure their equal rights under
Islamic law.
Khul'
Khul' signifies a woman's securing the annulment of her marriage through the payment of some
compensation to her husband. For reference see verse 2:229.
Khums
Khums, literally one-fifth. One-fifth of the spoils of war is earmarked for the struggle to exalt
the Word of God and to help the orphans, the needy, the wayfarer and the Prophet's kinsmen.
Since the Prophet (S.A.W.) devoted all his time to the cause of Islam, he was not in a position to
earn his own living. Hence a part of khums was allocated for the maintenance of the Prophet
(S.A.W.) as well as for his family and the relatives dependent upon him for financial support. See
Al-Qur'an, Al-Anfaal (8:41).
Khutbah
Sermon. The greatest sermon in the history of mankind was called al-Khutbatul Wida' (the farewell
address), given by the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), during his last Hajj in 10 AH.
There are various types of sermons:
1. Khutbatul Jum'ah (the Friday Sermon). This is given immediately before the Jum'ah Salah (Friday
Prayer).
2. Khutbatul Eid (the Eid Sermon) This is given immediately after the prayer of the two Eids.
3. Khutbatul Nikah (the marriage sermon). This is given during the marriage ceremony.
Kufee
An Arabic script. Angular writing style often used for early hand-written copies of the Qur'an.
Kufr
Its original meaning is 'to conceal'. This word has been variously used in the Quran to denote:
(1) state of absolute lack of faith;
(2) rejection or denial of any of the esentials of Islam;
(3) attitude of ingratitude and thanklessness to God; and
(4) non-fulfilment of certain basic requirements of faith.
In the accepted technical sense, kufr consists of rejection of the Divine Guidance communicated
through the Prophets and Messengers of God. More specifically, ever since the advent of the last
of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (S.A.W.), rejection of his teaching constitutes Kufr.
L:
Lailatul-Qadr
'The Night of Power,' concealed in one of the odd nights in the last ten days of Ramadan; the
night on which the Qur'an was first revealed by Jibraeel to the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), and
which the Qur'an itself describes as "better than a thousand months." See the Holy Qur'an, Al-Qadr
(97:3).
Al-Lat
Al-Lat was the chief idol of the Thaqif tribe in al-Taif, and among the most famous idols in
pre-Islamic Arabia. See the Holy Qur'an, An-Najm (53:19).
Al-Lateef
The Subtle One Who is All-Pervading. One of the ninety-nine Attributes of God. The exact meaning
of this word is very difficult to fully understand.
It includes all of the following meanings:
1. So fine that He is imperceptible to the human sight.
2. So pure that He is unimaginable to the human mind.
3. So kind that He is beyond human comprehension.
4. So gracious that He is beyond human grasp.
5. So near that He is closer to us than our jugular veins.
See the Holy Qur'an, Al-Hajj (22:63), Ash-Shura (42:19).
Lauh al-Mahfudh
A guarded tablet in the Seventh Heaven. The Holy Qur'an was first written on the Lauh al-Mahfudh
in its entirety before it was sent down to the Baitul 'Izza in the First Heaven.
Luqata
Article found by a person other than the one who lost it.
M:
Maghazi(al)
Plural of Ghazwa. See Ghazwa.
Maghreb
Sunset. The fourth obligatory Prayer of the day. It consists of three Rakahs and can be offered
between just after sunset and before the stars appear in the sky.
Mahr
Mahr (bridal gift) signifies the amount of payment that is settled between the two spouses at the
time of marriage, and which the husband is required to make to his bride. Mahr seems to symbolize
the financial responsbility that a husband assumes towards his wife by virtue of entering into the
contract of marriage.
Mahram
A man whom a woman can never marry because of closeness of relationship (e.g. father, brother,
uncle, son, etc.). Her husband is also her Mahram.
Al-Majeed
"The Most Glorious." One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah.
Majoos
Fire worshippers. These people lived mainly in Persia and the eastern Arabian peninsula in the
pre-Islamic period of ignorance.
See Holy Qur'an, Al-Hajj (22:17).
Makr
Makr signifies a secret strategy of which the victim has no inkling until the decisive blow is
struck. Until then, the victim is under the illusion that everything is in good order. See Holy
Qur'an, Aali-Imran (3:54).
Malaikah
"Angels". Another name for Suratul Fatir, Surah 35 of the Holy Qur'an.
Malak
Angel.
Al-Manat
Al-Manat was the chief idol worshipped by the Khuza'ah and Hudhayl tribes.
Ma'ruf
Ma'ruf refers to the conduct which is reckoned fair and equitable by the generality of
disinterested people.
Mash'ar al-Haram
The boundary of Al-Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. It is prohibited to kill any game, or to damage any
plant or tree, or to act in any manner that will violate the sanctity of the Holy Masjid.
Masjid
Mosque. Plural Masajid.
Masjid al-Aqsa(al)
The 'Furthest Mosque' built by the early Muslims in Jerusalem, on or near where the Temple of
Solomon once stood. See Baitul-Maqdis.
Masjid Al-Haram(al)
The Grand Masjid in Makkah. The Ka'bah (the Qiblah of the Muslims) is situated within it.
Masjid an-Nabawi(al)
Another name for the Masjid ar-Rasool in Madinah. It is the second greatest Masjid in Islam, the
first being the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, and the third being the Masjid al-Aqsa in Al-Quds
(Jerusalem).
Masjid al-Rasool(al)
See Masjid an-Nabawi.
Maula
Literally means protector. Allah T'ala describes Himself as the Maula of the believers. See The
Qur'an, Al-Baqarah (2:256), Aali 'Imran (3:152), Al-Hajj (22:78). Maula also has the meaning of
'master'.
1. Satan is the Maula to the unbelievers.
2. The master is a Maula to his slave. Maula is also the term used to describe a freed slave who
remains as part of the family.
Mawaqeet
Plural of Miqat. See Miqat.
Mihraab
Prayer niche of a Masjid, in front of which the Imam stands when leading the congregational
prayers.
Mimbar
Steps on which the Imam stands to deliver the Khutbah (address) on the day of the Jumah (Friday).
Mina
A place five miles from Makkah and approximately ten miles from 'Arafat. An essential place to
visit during the Hajj.
Miqat
Miqat (pl. mawaqeet) denotes the points which an outsider intending to perform Pilgrimage may
cross only in the state of consecration (ihram). These points were fixed according to directions
from God.
Mi'raj
The Night Journey of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) from Makkah to Jerusalem and then through the
realms of the seven heavens, beyond the limit of forms, the Sidrat al-Muntaha, to within a
bow-span's length or nearer to the presence of Allah.
See the Qur'an, Al-Isra (17:1), Bukhari Hadith 345, Vol. 1, 227, Vol. 5.
Miskin
Miskin (pl. masakin) denotes helplessness, destitution. Thus masakin are those who are in greater
distress than the ordinary poor people. Explaining this word the Prophet (S.A.W.) declared that
masakin are those who cannot make both ends meet, who face acute hardship and yet whose sense of
self-respect prevents them from asking for aid from others and whose outward demeanour fails to
create the impression that they are deserving of help.
Muadhen
The man who calls the Adhan loudly before each obligatory Salat, calling the people to prayer.
Muhadith
An Islamic scholar of Ahadeeth. Plural: Muhaditheen.
Muhammad (S.A.W.)
Muhammad (peace be upon him), the last Messenger of God.
Muharram
1. The first month of the Islamic calendar.
2. An act that is strictly forbidden in Islam.
Muhsanat
Muhsanat means 'protected women'. It has been used in the Qur'an in two different meanings. First,
it has been used in the sense of 'married women', that is, those who enjoy the protection of their
husbands.
Second, it has been used in the sense of those who enjoy the protection of families as opposed to
slave-girls.
Mujahid
One who takes active part in a Jihad. Plural: Mujahideen. See Jihad.
Mulhid
Atheist.
Mumin
1. Believer.
2. Al-Mumin: Another name for Al-Ghafir, Surah 40 of the Qur'an.
Munafiq
Hypocrite.
Munkar wa Nakir (peace be on them)
The names of the two angels who will question the dead in the graves.
Muqarraboon
Literally means, "those who have been brought near." One the Day of Resurrection, Allah Ta'ala
will sort out the good and the evil into three groups:
1. Muqarraboon - the exalted class, those who will be nearest to Allah. Also described as the
Sabiqoon, meaning "those who outstrip the rest."
2. Ashab al-Maimana - literally means, "the Companions of the Right." The righteous people
destined to enter Paradise.
3. Ashab al-Mashama - literally, "the Companions of the Left." These will be the inheritors of the
Hellfire.
See Al-Waqi'ah (56:11-56).
Murtad
Apostate.
Mushrik
A person who commits Shirk. See Shirk.
Muslim
A person who accepts Islam as his or her way of life.
Mustahab
An act in Islam that is recommended, but not obligatory.
Mut'a
A temporary marriage. A custom common in Arabia. It was abrogated by the Prophet (S.A.W.) at
Khaibar, as is related by Ali ibn Abi Talib in Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari.
Muttaqi
Muttaqi is derived from its noun taqwa, which signifies God-consciousness, a sense of
responsibility and accountability, dedication and awe - those things that prompt one to fulfil
one's duty. Taqwa, or heedfulness, is the main criterion by which God values the deeds of a Muslim
(49:13).
Muzdallifa
A site between 'Arafat and Mina where the pilgrims spend the night of the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah
during Hajj..
N:
Nabi
Prophet of Allah. Plural: Anbiyaa.
Nafl
A voluntary act of supererogatory devotion such as Nafl Prayer or Nafl Fast.
Nasara
Nasara is the name given to the followers of the Christian faith both in the Qur'an and Hadith.
Nasi
Nasi was a practice in vogue among the pre-Islamic Arabs: they altered the duration of the four
sacred months. Whenver they wished to start fighting or to loot and plunder - and they could not
do so during the sacred months - they carried out their expedition in one of the sacred months and
then later on compensated for this violation by treating one of the non-sacred months as a sacred
month.
Naskh
A style of curved writing often used for early hand-written copies of the Qur'an.
Nifaq
Hypocrisy.
Nikah
Marriage.
Niqab
A type of veil that covers the entire face including the eyes.
Niyyah
Intention.
Nubuwah
Nubuwah means prophethood.
Nur (an)
"The Light." One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah. See An-Nur (24:35-36).
Nusub
Nusub signify all places consecrated for offerings to others than the One True God, regardless of
whether they are images of stone or something else.
Nusuk
Nusuk signify ritual sacrifice as well as other forms of devotion and worship.
P:
P.B.U.H.
Peace be upon him.
Somewhat English equivalent of S.A.W. used whenever the name of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) is read
or heard. See S.A.W.
Q:
Qabr
Grave.
Qadr (al)
"The Power." The night of Allah's power. Surah 97 of the Qur'an.
Qasr
Qasr, which literally means 'to shorten', is technically used to signify the Islamic rule that
during one's journey it is permissible, and indeed preferable, to pray only two rak'ahs in those
obligatory Prayers in which a person is required to pray four rak'ahs.
Qawwam
Qawwam or qayyim is a person responsible for administering or supervising the affairs of either an
individual or an organization, for protecting and safeguarding them and taking care of their
needs.
Qiblah
Qiblah signifies the direction to which all Muslims are required to turn when offering their
prescribed Prayers, namely towards the Ka'bah, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Qisaas
Law of equal retaliation when punishing a person for injuries intentionally inflicted on someone
else. See Al-Baqarah(2:178-179).
Quraish
The Arab tribe to which the Prophet (S.A.W.) belonged.
R:
R.A.A.
Radhi Allah 'Anhu (May Allah be pleased with him). Said whenever the name of a Sahabi (companion)
is read or heard.
Rabb
Rabb has three meanings: (i) Lord and Master; (ii) Sustainer, Provider, Supporter, Nourisher and
Guardian, and (iii)Sovereign and Ruler, He who controls and directs. God is Rabb in all the three
meanings of the term. The rational of the basic Qur'anic message - 'serve none but God' - is that
since God is man's Rabb - Lord, Sustainer, Provider, Nourisher, etc. He alone should be the object
of man's worship and service.See, for example, Qur'an 2:21.
Rabi al-Awal
The third month of the Islamic calendar.
Rahim
Rahim is from the root rhm (rahm) which denotes mercy. In the Qur'an this attribute of God has
been used side by side with Rahman (which is also from the same root rhm). As such Rahim signifies
God's mercy and beneficence towards His creatures. Moreover, according to several scholars, the
word Rahim signifies the dimension of permanence in God's mercy.
Rahman
Rahman (literally 'merciful') is one of the personal names of God. According to scholars of the
Arabic language and some commentators of the Qur'an, the word has the nuance of intensity
regarding Divine Mercy. Thus the word does not just signify the One Who has mercy; it rather
denotes the One Who is exceedingly merciful; the One Who is overflowing with mercy for all.
Ar-Rahman: Surah 55 of the Qur'an.
Rajab
The seventh month of the Islamic calendar.
Rajm (ar)
Stoning. In Islamic law the Hadd punishment is Rajm.
Rak'ah
Rak'ah (pl. raka'at) represents a unit of the Prayer and consists of bending the torso from an
upright position followed by two prostrations.
Ramadan
The ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Fasting is obligatory during this month for all Muslims.
Rasool
Messenger and prophet of Allah.
Rawi
A narrator. In Hadith literature, it means the narrator of Ahadeeth.
Rea'
A minor shirk. Carrying out a religious act for worldly gains and not for the pleasure of Allah.
Riba
Riba literally means 'to grow; to increase.' Technically, it denotes the amount that a lender
receives from a borrower at a fixed rate in excess of the principal. It is of two kinds:
1. Riba Nasi'a - taking interest on loaned money.
2. Riba Fadal - taking something of superior quality in exchange for giving less of the same kind
of thing of poorer quality.
Rooh al-Qudus
"The Holy Spirit." Another name for the Angel Gabriel (Jibreel), peace be on him.
Ruku'
Ruku' means to bend the body to bow. This bowing is one of the acts required in Islamic Prayer.
Additionally, the same word denotes a certain unit in the Qur'an. The whole Book, for the sake of
the convenience of the reader is divided into thirty parts (ajza', sing. juz'), and each juz'
consists usually of sixteen ruku'.
Rushd
Rushd from the verb rashada means the right way (2:256). It also implies integrity and maturity in
thought and action (21:51).
S:
S.A.W.
See Sallallahu 'Alaihe wa Sallam.
Sabbath
Sabbath, which means Saturday, was declared for the Israelites as the holy day of the week. God
declared the Sabbath as a sign of the perpetual covenant between God and Israel. (Exodus
31:12-16.) The Israelites were required to strictly keep the Sabbath which meant that they may not
engage in any worldly activity; they may not cook, nor make their slaves or cattle serve them.
Those who violated these rules were to be put to death. The Israelites, however, publicly violated
these rules. For further details, see Surah 7. Sabiqoon See Muqarraboon.
Sabr
Sabr is a comprehensive term having various shades of meaning. It implies
(a) patience in the sense of being thorough, dedicated and devoted, (b) constancy, perseverance,
steadfastness and firmness of purpose, (c) disciplined and planned effort with confidence and
belief in the mission itself and
(d) a cheerful attitude of acceptance and understanding under suffering and hardship and in times
of strife and violance, and thankfulness to God in happiness, success and chievement.
Sadaqa
Anything given away in charity for the pleasure of Allah.
Saffah
A verandah attached to the Prophet's Masjid in Madina where poor Muslims, including some of the
most exalted companions, used to sleep.
Sahabi
A companion of the Prophet (S.A.W.). Plural: Sahabiyeen.
Sahih Bukhari
A book of Ahadeeth compiled by Imam Bukhari.
Sahih Muslim
A book of Ahadeeth compiled by Imam Muslim.
Sa'i
Going seven times between the small hills of Safa and Marwa; an essential rite of Hajj and Umra.
Sajdah
1. Prostration. The act of prostration, particularly in the Salat.
2. As-Sajda: Surah 32 of the Qur'an.
Sajdah Sahu
Prostration to recompense forgetting a required act of Salah.
Salah
Prayers. There are five daily obligatory prayers. These prayers and their time zones are:
1. Fajr (morning prayer); After dawn but before sunrise;
2. Duhr (early afternoon or noon prayer); early afternoon till late afternoon;
3. 'Asr (late afternoon prayer) late afternoon prayer till sunset;
4. Maghrib (sunset prayer); just after sunset;
5. Isha (late evening prayer); late evening till late at night.
Consult a prayer manual for full details. Each prayer consists of a fixed set of standings,
bowings, prostrations and sittings in worship to Allah.
Salat al-Janaza
Funeral prayer. The prayer is done in standing position only and consist of four takbirs:
1. After the first Takbir, read Al-Fatihah.
2. After the second takbir, recite Tashahhud and Salat al-Ibrahimiya.
3. After the third Takbir, pray for the deceased person, his or her relatives, and all Muslims in
general.
4. After the fourth Takbir, finish the prayer by uttering Assalamu Alaikum while turning to the
right.
Salat al-Khawf
Salat al-Khawf means Prayer in the state of insecurity. For its procedure see Surah al-Nisa 4:102.
Salih
Salih, from the root S-L-H meaning to reconcile, to put things in order, signifies behavior that
is righteous, just and dignified. 'Amal salih, honorable or righteous action, is often combined in
the Qur'an with Iman and made a condition for success in this world, as well as in the Hereafter.
A prophet of Islam, peace be on him.
Sallallahu 'Alaihe wa Sallam (S.A.W.)
"May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." This is said whenever the name of prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.) is mentioned or read. Th equivalent English phrase is usually abbreviated as
S.A.W. (peace be upon him).
Samad (as)
One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah. It means Absolute, Eternal, and Everlasting. It refers
to the One to Whom all created beings turn to for all their needs, and Who is not dependent on
anything or anyone for any need. The Most Perfect in His Attributes.
Sariya
A small army sent by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) in which he did not personally take part.
Sawm
Fasting. Plural: Siyam.
Sha`a'ir Allah
Sha`a'ir Allah refer to all those rites which, in opposition to polytheism and outright disbelief
and atheism, are the characteristic symbols of exclusive devotion to God.
Sha'ban
The eighth month of the Islamic calendar.
Shahid
Shahid in Islamic parlance means martyr. Plural: Shuhadaa.
Shaitan
Satan. Plural: Shayateen. See Iblis.
Shari'ah
Shari'ah signifies the entire Islamic way of life, especially the Law of Islam.
Shawal
The tenth month of the Islamic calendar.
Shirk
Shirk consists of associating anyone or anything with the Creator either in His being, or
attributes, or in the exclusive rights (such as worship) that He has against His creatures.
Sidrat al-Muntaha
"The lote-tree of the furthest limit." A tree over the seventh Heaven near Paradise, the place
where form ends and beyond which no created being may pass. See An-Najm (53:14-18).
Sijjin
It is a "prison" where the records of the evil doers are kept. See Al-Mutafifeen (83:7-9).
Siratul-Mustaqeem
"The straight path," the path that the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) demonstrated to mankind by way of
the Holy Qur'an. The path that leads to the Paradise.
Siwak
A piece of branch or root of a tree called al-Arak used as a toothbrush.
Subhan Allah
"Glory be to Allah."
Subhana wa Ta'ala (S.W.T)
"May He be Glorified and Exalted."
Suffa (as)
A shaded place in Masjid al-Rasool, in Madinah where poor Sahaba used to take shelter during
Prophet Muhammad's time.
Suhur
A meal taken before Fajr in the month of Ramadan to begin fasting.
Sunnah
Ahadeeth and the way of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
Sunnah Prayers
Sunnah Prayers are prayers which are considered recommended in view of the fact that the Prophet
(S.A.W.) either performed them often and/or made statements about their meritorious character.
Surah
A chapter of the Qur'an. Literally means "a form". There are 114 Surahs in the Holy Quran. Plural:
Suwar.
